本文概括了香港的管治概況，例如《基本法》的執行，以及香港特別行政區政府各部門的情況。
This paper covers the scope of governance in Hong Kong, from implementation of the Basic Law to the branches of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government.
《基本法》The Basic Law
香港是中華人民共和國成立的特別行政區，根據《基本法》，除國防和外交事務外，香港享有高度自治。《基本法》保證此自治權維持五十年不變，並制定由行政長官和行政會議領導的管治體制、代議政制架構以及獨立的司法機構。
Under its constitutional document, the Basic Law, Hong Kong is an autonomous Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, except in defence and foreign affairs. The Basic Law guarantees that autonomy for 50 years, and designates a system of governance led by a Chief Executive and an Executive Council, with a two-tiered system of representative government and an independent judiciary.
行政長官 The Chief Executive
香港特別行政區的首長是行政長官，由具有廣泛代表性的選舉委員會根據《基本法》選舉、並經中央人民政府委任產生。行政長官負責執行《基本法》、簽署法案和財政預算案、頒布法例、決定政府政策以及發布行政命令，並由行政會議協助制定政策。
The Chief Executive is the head of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. He is elected by a broadly representative Election Committee in accordance with the Basic Law, and is appointed by the Central People’s Government. The Chief Executive is responsible for implementing the Basic Law, signing bills and budgets, promulgating laws, making decisions on government policies and issuing Executive Orders. He is assisted in policy making by the Executive Council.
行政會議 Executive Council
行政會議協助行政長官決定政策，並就提交法案及附屬法例方面向行政長官提供意見。行政會議由15名主要官員和15名非官守成員組成，所有成員均由行政長官自行政機關的主要官員、立法會議員和社會人士中委任。行政會議成員的任期以行政長官的任期為限。
The Executive Council assists the Chief Executive in policy-making andadvises the Chief Executive on matters relating to the introduction of billsand subsidiary legislation. The Council comprises 15 principal officials and 15non-official members. All members are appointed by the Chief Executive fromamong the senior officials of the executive authorities, members of theLegislative Council and public figures. They serve for a period no longer thanthe expiry of the Chief Executive’s term of office.
行政體制 The Administration
政府的主要施政和行政工作由12個決策局和61個部門和機構執行，大部分職位均由公務員擔任。
香港的公務員約有156,000人，佔香港勞動人口約4%。公務員的主要職責是協助行政長官和各主要官員制定政策和執行決定，並管理公共事務。
The main administrative and executive functions of government are carried out by 12 policy bureaux and 61 departments and agencies, staffed mostly by civil servants.
The civil service employs approximately 156,000 people, or about four per cent of the Hong Kong workforce. Apart from administering public services, its main tasks are to assist the Chief Executive and principal officials in formulating policies and carrying out decisions.
立法會 Legislative Council
立法會是香港特別行政區的立法機關，由70個議席組成，其中35個議席透過分區直選產生，其餘35個透過按職業劃分的功能界別選舉產生。除了立法職能外，立法會還負責就有關公眾利益的事宜進行辯論、審核和通過財政預算案、聽取行政長官的施政報告並進行辯論，以及同意終審法院法官和高等法院首席法官的任免。
The Legislative Council is the law-making body of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It comprises 70 members, with 35 elected directly by geographical constituencies and 35 elected by functional, occupation-based constituencies. Apart from its law-making function, the Legislative Council debates issues of public interest, examines and approves budgets, receives and debates the Chief Executive’s policy addresses, and endorses the appointment and removal of the judges of the Court of Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of the High Court.
區議會 District Councils
香港18區區議會共有507名議員，包括412名民選議員，68名委任議員和27名當然議員，所有區議員的任期均為4年。區議會各自負責區內的改善工作，推廣康樂文化事務和社區活動，並會就影響居民福利的事宜，及各項政府計劃是否足夠和推行的次序，向政府提出意見。
The 18 District Councils have a total of 507 members, comprising 412 elected members, 68 appointed members and 27 ex officio members. All members serve four-year terms of office. The councils undertake improvement projects and promote recreational, cultural and community activities in their respective districts. They also advise the Government on matters that affect the well-being of residents, and the adequacy and priorities of government programmes.
司法機構 The Judiciary
《基本法》保證香港繼續實行普通法制度。司法機構獨立於政府的立法和行政機關，法院須保持中立。在嚴重刑事案件的審訊中，法院將組成陪審團，由陪審團以多數票來決定被告人是否有罪。香港的最高上訴法院為終審法院，以首席法官為首。
The Basic Law ensures that Hong Kong remains within the common law system. The judiciary is independent from the legislative and executive branches of government, with the courts showing no bias. For the most serious types of criminal offences, a jury decides whether the accused is guilty or not, with a majority vote required. The Court of Final Appeal is the highest appellate court and is headed by the Chief Justice.