在充分考慮外部因素的基礎上，我們要制定新的經濟發展措施，激發經濟活力和積極創造就業機會。“新經濟政策”是國家未來經濟增長的引擎，其核心就是我即將要宣佈的“基礎設施建設計畫”。該計畫預計分5年實施，這與落實《加速工業創新發展規劃》的第二個五年計劃相符。已有超過100家的外國企業打算參與此計畫，該計畫共需投資6萬億堅戈，其中國家財政投入占15%。
In view of new external risks for the development of our economy, we need new initiatives to stimulate business activity and employment. The Infrastructure Development Plan, which I want to make public today, will become the core of the New Economic Policy. It is intended to last for five years and is to run in parallel with the Second Five Year term of the Programme of Accelerated Industrial and Innovative Development. More than 100 foreign companies intend to participate in its implementation. The total investment portfolio will make 6 trillion tenge, with the state contributing 15 per cent of the total.
哈薩克斯坦幅員遼闊，基礎設施建設不可能一蹴而就，需要投入大量財力。歷史上，大中型城市都是沿絲綢之路而建。而現代，道路兩側則孕育無限商機。在基礎設施建設上首先應該加強交通基礎設施建設，各地區都應形成公路、鐵路和航空一體的緊密相連的交通網絡。這一交通網絡應以阿斯坦納為中心。同時，還要加強國家東西部地區物流樞紐的建設。交通基礎設施的完善將加強各地區之間的經貿聯繫，開拓新的市場。拉近全國各地區間的距離是今天我所發表的國情諮文的核心內容
Kazakhstan owns a territory so vast it would tire the wings of a bird to fly over it. Thus, this plan requires huge funds and hard work. There is a saying: “If you want to know a nation’s prosperity look at its paths.” Road connections are of high importance, not only for travel, but also for the transportation of goods. In ancient times our big cities were located along the Great Silk Road.
Nowadays, all essential life depends on access to the main highways. Roads are the essence of life, the source of a modern existence. All the regions of Kazakhstan need to be closely connected by railroads, highways, and air services. The nine roads, connecting with each other in Astana are like the roots of life, spread our capital’s creative spirit. Improving interconnectivity between the regions will eventually lead to a greater domestic well-being. It will strengthen trade and economic ties between the regions. There will be new markets emerging from inside the country. Therefore bringing together distant parts is the main focus of today’s address.
第一，完善交通-物流基礎設施。這將通過打造宏觀區域，按照樞紐原則予以實施。此項基礎設施的佈局是通過主要的公路、鐵路和航空幹線，以放射線原則將國內各宏觀區域與阿斯坦納相連且彼此相連。首先需要落實的主要公路專案有：中國西部-西歐、阿斯坦納-阿拉木圖、阿斯坦納-烏斯季卡緬諾戈爾斯克、阿斯坦納-阿克托別-阿特勞、阿拉木圖-烏斯季卡緬諾戈爾斯克、卡拉幹達-傑孜卡茲甘-克孜勒奧爾達、阿特勞-阿斯特拉罕。
First, the development of transport and logistics infrastructure will be formed around regional hubs, connected through Astana as the central hub and backbone by highways, railways and airlines. But first, we need to implement the main road projects. They are Western China to Western Europe; Astana to Almaty; Astana to Ust-Kamenogorsk; Astana to Aktobe to Atyrau; Almay to Ust-Kamenogorsk; Karaganda to Zhezkazgan to Kyzylorda; Atyrau to Astrakhan.
另外，還需要繼續在我國東部建設物流樞紐，在西部裡海建設港口設施。通過裡海港口加大向西方的出口潛力。港口建成後將能為大型渡輪服務，也將有益於波勒加克特—葉爾薩依的鐵路建設。我已委託政府調研在中國、伊朗、俄羅斯和歐盟國家建設或租用陸港和海港碼頭的問題。
It is also necessary to continue the creation of a logistical hub in the east and marine infrastructure in the west of the country. The large-scale ferry site from Kuryk and the railway line from Borzhakty to Yersai will contribute to the growth of exports to the west through ports in the Caspian Sea. I have ordered the Government to work on the construction or rental of terminals at dry and sea ports in China, Iran, Russia and the EU.
第二，加快工業基礎設施建設。基礎設施建設項目的發展，將帶動對於建材、交通、通訊、能源、住房、公共設施等領域的產品和服務的巨大需求。
Second, development of industrial infrastructure. The implementation of infrastructure projects will produce big demand for construction materials, products and services for transport, communication, energy, housing and utility areas.
鑒於此，首先，我們應當完成在現有經濟特區開展的基建工作。中央政府和地方政府要抓緊完成經濟特區具體發展方案的制定。其次，應在各地建設新的工業區，以推動中小企業的發展，促進招商引資工作。而另一個發展方針是促進旅遊業基礎設施的發展，旅遊業的主要優點是能夠創造大量的就業機會，創造一個工作崗位的成本比工業領域低10倍。
So, firstly, we need to complete our work on the formation of infrastructure in existing special economic zones. The Government and the akims (governors) need to work in a timely manner to fill those zones with concrete projects. Secondly, they need to explore the possibility of constructing new industrial zones in regions aimed at the development of production facilities of SMEs and raising extra investments. Tourism infrastructure is a separate line. Its main advantage is the opportunity to create jobs. The creation of one job here costs 10 times less than in industry.
第三，發展能源基礎設施建設。在過去的五年裡，根據工業創新發展規劃，我們在能源領域開展了大量工作。但是電網的局限性使南部地區出現電力不足，同時天然氣管網的局限性也使中部和東部地區缺乏天然氣。因此，我們必須著眼以下兩個項目，即打造“耶克巴斯圖茲—謝梅—奧斯卡曼”和“謝梅—阿克托海—塔勒迪庫爾幹—阿拉木圖”高壓電網建設，這將實現全國各地區均衡的能源供應格局。
Third, the development of energy infrastructure. Extensive work has been carried out within the framework of the industrialisation programme in energy in the past five years. Nevertheless, limited transmission systems create a deficit of electric energy in the southern regions of the country and of natural gas in central and eastern regions. We need to focus on two projects. To construct high voltage lines Ekibastuz – Semey – Ust-Kamenogorsk and Semey – Aktogai – Taldykorgan – Almaty. This will create a balanced energy supply from Kazakh power plants to all regions of the country.
第四，優化住宅公共事業的基礎設施建設以及供水、供熱網路的建設。此領域的投資總需求至少將達2萬億堅戈，至2020年，每年劃撥的投資將不低於2000億堅戈。
Fourth, the modernisation of housing and utilities infrastructure and water and heat supply networks. The total demand for investments makes no less than 2 trillion tenge with annual allocation till 2020 from all sources of founding of no less than 200 billion tenge.
現在，有很多對投資公共事業表現出極大興趣的銀行機構，如歐洲復興開發銀行、亞洲開發銀行、伊斯蘭開發銀行以及個人投資者。我們應通過向他們提供可以長期投資的方案以保障資金投入。為了避免這部分投資所占比率過高，國家有必要參與此類項目的資金投入，同時加快供熱和供水基礎設施的改造升級。因此，在已有的財政預算基礎上，每年將附加撥款最高達1000億堅戈。
Today we see significant interest in investing in the modernisation of housing and utilities from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank and private investors. We need to ensure their maximum involvement through the provision of long-term investment rates. Such projects should be co-funded by the state to prevent significant increases in rates. We should allocate up to 100 billion tenge each year to accelerate the level of modernisation in our heat and water supply systems, in addition to the funds already envisaged in the budget.
第五，加強住宅基礎設施的建設。伴隨著人口聚集地的形成，人口數量在大幅度溢出。這給勞動力市場和城市的基礎設施帶來較大壓力，主要是住房壓力的增加。因此，應當重新研究廉租房的建設工作。國家將建設一批公共租賃住房，供居民購買，同時也可選擇長期租賃。住房的供應是直接的，沒有仲介，並採用最低利率的貸款，以使住房的購買價格得以降低。以零首付和低利率抵押貸款的形式將使中低收入者得到更多實惠。為此，我們將在2015-2016年增加1800億堅戈的住房建設資金。
Fifth, the strengthening of housing infrastructure. The formation of urban centres is accompanied by a significant cross-flow of the population. This creates pressure on the labour market and city infrastructure, including on the housing fund. Therefore, our approach to construction of rental housing should be revised. The state will construct social housing to rent out and provide to the population for long term rent with the right to buy it. The provision of housing directly, without mediators, with low-interest loans will allow us to reduce the cost of acquisition. No first instalment and low mortgage interest will make housing more affordable for various strata of the people of Kazakhstan. Therefore, we will additionally increase funding of construction of rental housing for the amount of 180 billion tenge during 2015-2016.
第六，加強社會事業基礎設施的發展。首先，就是要解決校舍緊缺和三班次輪流上課的問題。這也是我們競選綱領中的主要任務目標之一。為期三年的預算資金無法在2017年前解決這個問題。因此，我要求政府額外追加700億堅戈的資金。另一個問題是缺少學前教育機構。為了使學前教育機構數量稀缺的現狀得以顯著改善，我要求政府在未來三年內追加200億堅戈的撥款。各地方政府應以最大能力從事這項工作，並吸引私營企業的參與。
Sixth, development of social infrastructure. We must resolve the issues of unfit schools and three-shift education, as we set out in our election platform. The funds envisaged in the 3 year budget do not let us to resolve this problem by 2017. Therefore, I have ordered the Government to allocate another 70 billion tenge. Another matter is the lack of kindergartens. I instruct to allocate an additional 20 billion tenge to reduce the deficit of places in preschools within 3 years. Akims must deal will this as much as possible and attract the private sector.
在工業化規劃的框架內，我們確定了與科技產業和技術教育培訓有關的10所高校，我委託政府，至2017年將投入100億堅戈，用於充實這些高校的物資和技術設備。
Ten higher education institutions were defined within the framework of the industrialisation programme based on which the link between science, economic sectors and personnel training will be ensured. I have ordered the Government to create the material and technical framework of these education institutions, allocating up to 10 billion tenge by 2017.
第七，需要繼續開展扶持中小型企業和商業經營方面的工作。迄今為止，我們已從國家基金中撥款1000億堅戈，用於扶持中小型企業和貸款，由此創造了4500個就業機會。雖然這比申請資金超出了230億堅戈，但我們前所未有地創造了十年總利率僅6%的商業貸款條件，這種支持力度在我國是前所未有的。我們要把推動中小企業的發展作為經濟增長的驅動因素，並使其所占份額在2050年達到國內生產總值的50％以上。因此，為了促進中小企業的進一步發展，在2015-2017年應有效利用亞洲開發銀行、歐洲復興開發銀行、世界銀行提供的1550億堅戈貸款。
Seventh, we need to continue the work to support small and medium businesses and business activities. As of today, the 100 billion tenge from the National Fund aimed at supporting and crediting small and medium enterprises has been fully used. This allowed us to create more than 4,500 jobs. The demand for these funds exceeded the supply by 23 billion tenge. The unprecedented conditions providing credit for businesses at 6 per cent for 10 years were created. There were no such conditions in our country before. We should continue our work to develop small and medium businesses as a driver of economic growth and increase their share to 50 per cent of GDP by 2050. Therefore, we need to use credit facilities for small and medium businesses more effectively at the account of the ADB, EBRD, and the World Bank for the total amount of 155 billion tenge in 2015-2017.