一帶一路 | 走進印度之印度FDI政策

80年代，印度政府的經濟發展政策開始進入調整時期，於是進入印度的FDI流量開始增加。由於多年來印度的外貿長期逆差，而巨大的外貿逆差又沒有足夠的外匯收入彌補，只好依靠外債和外國政府經濟援助。1980年印度的外債餘額為206億美元，印度出現經濟恐慌，外匯危機隨之爆發。在此背景下，當時的英.甘地政府改變了印度奉行多年的“進口替代發展戰略”，開始讓外國資本在印度的經濟發展中發揮更大作用，印度FDI政策開始鬆動。

In 1980s, economic development of India government set foot into an adjustment time, so flow of FDI started to increase. Due to long time of deficit and insufficient foreign exchange receipt, India could only rely on foreign debt and economic assistance of other countries. The number of foreign debt of India in 1980 was 20.6 billion dollars, along with which economy panic stroke and foreign exchange crisis broke out. Under such circumstances, Indira Gandhi’s government changed the strategy of import substituting development into a more flexible environment for foreign capital to play its role in India’s economic development.

1984年底，英.甘地遇刺身亡，其子拉.甘地上臺執政。拉.甘地是位更為務實的政治家，他加大經濟改革的步伐，進一步推行更為激進的FDI政策，給予外商更多的優惠，並擴大了外商的投資領域，為了鼓勵外國投資，拉.甘地仿效中國在印度設立了多個面向出口的經濟特區。

At the end of 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated, and Rajiv Gandhi succeeded in the office. He was a more pragmatic politician, accelerating economic reform, promoting more radical FDI policy, sharing more profit with foreign companies and expanding investment region for them. To achieve so, Rajiv Gandhi, by learning from China, established several special economic zones for export.