在哈薩克斯坦力爭躋身世界30個最發達國家的“理念”中，明確了未來長期工作中的優先事項。我們必須首先解決以下幾個方面的問題：
Our Plan for Kazakhstan joining the top 30 developed countries of the world includes long-term priorities for our activity. It requires us to address a number of challenges in the following priority areas.
第一個方面，調整並加強工業化創新，這個趨勢很重要。我已經委託政府制定2016年-2019年促進工業化創新發展的第二個五年規劃。對工業化優先事項的數量需加以限制。
FIRST. It is important to adjust and strengthen the trend of innovative industrialization. I gave instructions to the Government to design a draft of the Second Five-Year Plan for Accelerated Industrial and Innovative Development for 2016-2019. We need to limit the number of priorities for industrialization.
提高傳統採礦業的效率，對我們來說非常重要。這是我們唯一具有競爭力的優勢所在。我們需要採納針對管理、開採和加工碳氫化合物的新方法，保持石油天然氣部門的出口潛力。應當最終決定開採石油和天然氣的可行性方案。鑒於對知識型產業（如電子、雷射技術、通信和醫療設備）具有重大意義，對稀土進行開發非常重要。
It is important to increase the effectiveness of traditional mining sectors. They are our natural competitive advantage. We need to adopt new approaches to the management, production and processing of hydrocarbons, to maximize the export potential of the energy sector. We need to make final decisions on possible future scenarios for oil and gas production. It is important to increase the development of rare earth metals, taking into account their importance for knowledge-based industries – electronics, laser technology, telecommunications and medical equipment.
哈薩克斯坦應進入勘探領域的國際市場。我們應簡化立法，吸引外資工程公司對該領域進行投資。總之，對於傳統產業，我們應當有單獨的發展計畫。每一個五年規劃的具體成果，都應開創出新的產業經濟。在第一個五年規劃期間，我們開創了汽車和飛機製造業，生產內燃機車、客運和貨運汽車。這些行業還需擴大，挺進國外市場。
Kazakhstan should enter the world market of geological exploration. We need to attract investment from foreign engineering companies to this industry by simplifying legislation. In general, we should have separate plans for the development of traditional industries. Each of the next five-year plans should end up with an emergence of new industries in our economy. During the first five-year plan, we developed production capability in the automotive and aircraft industries, as well as locomotives, passenger and freight car production. We should expand these products and export them to external markets.
總之，距離2050年，還可以劃分出七個五年規劃，其中每個五年規劃的實施，都是為了實現同一個目標——躋身 30個發達國家的行列。
So, the remaining years until 2050 are divided into seven five-year periods, each aimed at achieving the goal of becoming one of top 30 developed countries.
第二個以及後續的幾個五年規劃期間，應當開創出這樣一些產業——移動和多媒體、納米和空間技術、機器人技術、基因工程，以及尋找和開發未來能源。最大程度地為哈薩克斯坦企業，特別是中小企業的發展創建有利條件，這是我們國家運作的關鍵環節。在未來的十到十五年，應當建立起知識經濟型企業，沒有這些，我們就無法躋身世界發達國家的行列。這取決於先進的科技基礎。
During the second and subsequent five-year plans, we should establish the industries of mobile and multimedia technology, nanotechnology and space technology, robotics, genetic engineering, and future energy exploration. The key priority of the Government’s work is to create most favorable conditions for Kazakhstan’s business, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises. In the next 10-15 years, it is necessary to develop a knowledge-intensive basis for the economy. Without this basis we cannot join the group of developed countries. And it must be founded on advanced science.
第二個方面，確保農工綜合體向創新軌道的轉化非常重要。這是我們的傳統行業。全球對糧食的需求將不斷擴大。更多的投資將進入該領域。因此，現在的農場主應關心的是增加生產，而不是滿足於與天氣條件有關的短期成果。全世界在農業生產領域的競爭還將加劇。在地球上應該工作的，首先是那些引進新技術、不斷提高生產力，正在以最佳國際標準為基礎而工作著的人們。
SECOND. We need to ensure that our AGRICULTURE takes the path of innovations. This is our traditional industry. The global demand for food will increase. This sector will attract more investment. This will enable farmers to look beyond short-term weather-related achievements to the long-term growth of production. Competition in the global agro-production will intensify. Agricultural lands should be used by those who introduce new technologies, continuously improve productivity, and perform on the basis of the best international standards.
首先，建立有效的土地市場，包括通過透明的定價機制去建立，是非常重要的。只有把吸引投資和採用先進技術作為前提，繼而轉向農業用地租賃，才能夠提高競爭力。還應消除一切阻礙農企發展、農業合作進程和有效土地利用的壁壘。
First and foremost, it is important to develop an effective land market, particularly through transparent pricing mechanisms. Once investment and introduction of advanced technologies become pre-requisites for farmland leasing, it will increase competition. We should remove all barriers that impede business development in agriculture, farmers’ cooperation and efficient land use.
未來應創建新的、主要以中小型企業為主的農業加工企業網。在這裡，我們要用貸款扶持企業。農場主應能夠直接獲得長期的融資和無仲介的銷售市場。建立農業生產者的借貸擔保體系和有效的保險體系，是一個迫切問題。哈薩克斯坦應成為肉類、乳製品及其它農產品的最大地區出口商之一。在作物栽培方面，應減少那些盈利少、過多佔用水資源的農作物培育數量，並以蔬菜、油料和飼料產品取而代之。這需要一整套能夠有效使用化肥、能夠在乾旱地區擴大對現代化免耕技術的應用，以及其它創新措施的體系。
The future lies in the creation of a network of new processing enterprises in the agricultural sector, mainly in the form of small and medium-sized businesses. In this area we should provide loans to business. Farmers should have direct access to long-term financing and markets without intermediaries. Also important is the creation of an effective system of guarantees and insurance of loans to rural producers. Kazakhstan should become a major regional exporter of meat, dairy and farming products. In crop farming, we should reduce the volume of unprofitable water-intensive crops cultivation and switch to vegetable, oilseed and forage production. We need a set of measures to drive the efficient use of agrochemicals, and increased use of modern technology of zero tillage and other innovations in arid regions.
根據已通過的“理念”，為了在2030年前實現向“綠色”經濟過渡，15%的種植面積都將改用節水技術。我們必須發展農業科學，建立實驗性農業創新集群。重要的是，不要落後於時代，在生產天然食品的同時，要研製耐旱的轉基因作物。根據已暴露出的問題，我將委託政府對農業體系的發展計畫進行修訂。
According to the Plan for the transition to the “green” economy by 2030, 15 percent of acreage will be converted to water-saving technologies. We need to develop agricultural science and create experimental agro-innovation clusters. It is important to keep up with the pace of time, and along with the production of natural food, develop drought-tolerant, genetically modified crops. Given the designated tasks, I charge the Government to adjust the planning for agriculture development.
第三個方面，建立知識型經濟——這首先便是提升哈薩克斯坦的科研實力。在這方面，我們應完善與風投融資有關的法律，保護智慧財產權，支持研究與創新，支持科研成果的商業化。我已委託政府在今年9月1日前制定並提交一攬子相關法案，給議會進行審議。我們有必要制定一個具體的計畫，針對那些有利於國家發展，並使其達到發達國家指標的設計和發明，分階段擴大對這些具體科研專案的撥款。
THIRD. The development of knowledge-based economy is, above all, the increase of the capacity of science in Kazakhstan. In this area we should improve legislation on venture financing, intellectual property protection, research and innovation support, as well as commercialization of research. I charge the Government before September 1 of this year to develop and submit to the Parliament a package of relevant bills. We need a concrete plan for the gradual increase of science financing for specific research and scientific discoveries. These are essential to the country and we need to bring them to the level of developed countries.
對外資的吸引，應充分利用在面向我國的知識輸入和新技術輸入上。有必要同外國公司一起，建設若干設計和工程中心。我們應當邀請一些運作大型石油天然氣和採礦冶金專案的知名跨國公司，以使他們在這裡建立為其自身需求和服務提供保障的生產體系。我知道，一些大型公司已經準備這樣做了。政府應當仔細研究這個問題，並在必要時為此創造一切條件。我們自己可以在國內生產的設備，就不需要從國外進口。
To accelerate the transfer of knowledge and new technologies to the country, we need to fully use the potential of foreign direct investment. In cooperation with foreign companies we need to set up design and engineering centers. We need to invite the leading transnational companies operating in major oil and gas and mining facilities to establish production facilities for their own needs and services here, in Kazakhstan. I know some large companies are ready for this. The Government must elaborate on this issue and provide favorable conditions for the process if necessary. There is no need to import equipment from abroad, if we can produce it in our country.
重要的是，要提高國家創新體系及其基層機構的效率。它們的運作應著眼於支援風投交易的啟動和初始階段。應加強對科技園區的運作，特別是大型城市集群，首先就是在阿斯坦納和阿拉木圖。以納紮爾巴耶夫大學為基礎的、阿斯坦納首個知識創新集群，目前已在成功運作。而阿拉木圖正在運作的，是“阿拉套”資訊科技園。重要的是，要仔細考量採取哪些措施，以促進哈薩克斯坦的各大公司在科技園區設立分支機搆進行運營。
It is important to improve the efficiency of the national innovation system and its basic institutions. Their activities should be oriented to supporting start-ups and venture deals at early stages. It is necessary to increase activity in technology parks, mainly in large urban agglomerations, primarily in Astana and Almaty. In Astana, the first intellectual innovation cluster is already successfully operating around Nazarbayev University. In Almaty there is an “Alatau” Information Technology Park. We need to think about bringing spin-off production sites of large local companies into the clusters.
第四個方面，應確保三大基礎建設——人口密集區、交通、能源——的可持續發展。城市集群——是哈薩克斯坦知識型經濟的構架。創立和發展城市集群——是涉及國家廣袤領土和低密度人口的重要問題。哈薩克斯坦最大的兩座城市——阿斯坦納和阿拉木圖——將成為我國首批現代化的都市中心，隨後是——奇姆肯特和阿克托別。它們也同樣應成為可吸引投資和人口、可提供高品質的教育、醫療及社會文化服務的科學中心。
FOURTH. We have to ensure dynamic development of the infrastructure triad — AGGLOMERATIONS, TRANSPORTATION, AND ENERGY. Agglomerations are the foundation of the knowledge-based economy of Kazakhstan. Their creation and development are an important challenge given the vast territory of our country and its low population density. The largest cities of Kazakhstan, Astana and Almaty, Shymkent and Aktobe must become contemporary urban centers driving economic growth. They should become centers of science and investment, attract talent, and provide high-quality education, healthcare, social, and cultural services.
交通基礎設施——是我國工業經濟和社會的流轉體系。我曾多次提到，沒有現代化優質道路的發達國家是不存在的。除此以外，對於薩克斯坦來說，因其介於歐洲與亞洲、北方與南方之間，這一地理位置使得道路交通有著非常重要的意義。為了在國內創建路網，我們已開始建設公路幹線“阿斯坦納-卡拉幹達-阿拉木圖”、“阿斯坦納-巴甫洛達爾-烏斯季卡緬諾戈爾斯克”、“阿拉木圖-卡普恰蓋-烏斯季卡緬諾戈爾斯克”。沿此三條路線，已經開通了雙倍速度的火車。
Transport infrastructure is at the heart of industrial economy and society. I have said many times that it is impossible to reach the level of a developed country without modern high-quality highways. As we are located between Europe and Asia, between the North and the South, transportation remains of great importance to Kazakhstan. To set up a network of internal roads, we have initiated construction of highways “Astana-Karaganda-Almaty”, “Astana-Pavlodar-Ust’-Kamenogorsk”, “Almaty-Kapchagay-Ust-Kamenogorsk”. These routes are already used by trains that are twice as fast.
必須發展物流服務業。首先，我們指的是最大限度地利用“海關聯盟”區域運送我們的貨物。“中國西部-西歐”的國際公路運輸走廊，建設已接近尾聲，我國至土庫曼斯坦和伊朗通往波斯灣的鐵路業已建設完成。今後，哈薩克斯坦還會在擁有出海口的國家投資建設物流中心。減少貨物在海關進行處理的時間，提高邊境口岸的通行能力，加強阿克套港的吞吐力，簡化進出口的操作程式。
We need to develop the logistics services sector. First of all, it is a question of the maximum use of the Customs Union territory for transportation of our goods. The construction works of the “Western Europe – Western China” corridor are coming to an end. We have built a new railway to Turkmenistan and Iran with an access to the Persian Gulf. In the future, Kazakhstan must invest in the creation of logistics centers in countries with access to the sea. It is necessary to reduce the customs clearance time for goods, increase the capacity of border checkpoints, strengthen the efficiency of the Aktau seaport, and simplify exporting and importing procedures.
我們正在建設一條“傑茲卡茲甘-沙爾卡爾-別伊涅烏”的新鐵路，全長1200公里。該鐵路將我國的東部和西部直接連在一起，許多中心地區藉此得以開放搞活。這個規模宏大的建設，將於2015年竣工。該鐵路幹線能讓人們途經裡海和高加索前往歐洲。在東部——可以抵達太平洋上的連雲港，我們已經與中國簽署了相關的合同。
We need to develop the logistics services sector. First of all, it is a question of the maximum use of the Customs Union territory for transportation of our goods. The construction works of the “Western Europe – Western China” corridor are coming to an end. We have built a new railway to Turkmenistan and Iran with an access to the Persian Gulf. In the future, Kazakhstan must invest in the creation of logistics centers in countries with access to the sea. It is necessary to reduce the customs clearance time for goods, increase the capacity of border checkpoints, strengthen the efficiency of the Aktau seaport, and simplify exporting and importing procedures.
我們將以傳統方式發展能源產業。應該支持尋找和發現治理熱電站排放的方法，以生產和日常生活中的最新技術應用為基礎，節約能源。不久前，歐盟最大的十家公司公開反對按照著名的“綠色經濟理念”通過的歐盟能源戰略。在執行該戰略的四年中，歐盟損失了510億瓦特的電能。我們在“綠色經濟”的運作過程中，一定要避免這些錯誤。
We are going to develop the traditional energy sector. It is necessary to support research in cleaning fossil-fuel power plants’ emissions and in energy saving, in industry and household, based on the most sophisticated technologies. Recently, ten largest companies of the European Union publicly opposed the EU energy strategy based on the well-known concept of the green economy. Over the four years of its implementation, the European Union has lost 51 gigawatt of energy power. In our green energy program, we have to take into account all of these mistakes.
我們應利用籌備2017世博會的契機，建立一個研究和應用中心，該中心針對的是尋找並創建未來綠色經濟能源體系的全球最佳經驗。納紮爾巴耶夫大學宣導組建的專家組，應著手開展這方面的工作。我們應為公共交通向環保清潔燃料過渡、引進電動汽車並為其建設相應的基礎設施創造條件。由於我國目前需要大量生產汽油、柴油和航空煤油，因此必須建設一個新的煉油廠。
Preparation for the international exhibition EXPO 2017 in Astana should be used to establish a center for the study and implementation of the world’s best research and the creation of future energy. A team of specialists, under the auspices of Nazarbayev University, should lead this work. We should create conditions for the transition of our public transport to environmentally friendly fuels, introduce electric cars, and create the necessary infrastructure for them. The country needs large-scale production of gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation kerosene. We need to construct a new oil-processing refinery.
與此同時，不要忘記核能源的發展前景。在可預見的未來，世界發展對價格低廉的核能源的需求只會持續增加。哈薩克斯坦是世界領先的鈾礦開採國。我們應當發展自己生產用於核電站的燃料，並建設核電站。
At the same time, we should not forget about development of nuclear energy. The demand for cheap nuclear energy, in the foreseeable future, will only increase. Kazakhstan is the world leader in uranium production. We have to develop our own fuel industry and build nuclear power stations.
第五個方面，發展中小企業——這是二十一世紀哈薩克斯坦實現工業和社會現代化的主要手段。眾所周知，這是我的一貫立場，我已經表達過很多次了。中小企業在我國經濟中所占的比例越大，哈薩克斯坦的發展就越穩定。我國現有80多萬個中小企業，有240萬人在這些企業中工作。該領域的生產量在四年中增長至1.6倍，超過了83億堅戈。
FIFTH. SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS development is the main tool for the industrial and social modernization of Kazakhstan in the 21st century. In this respect my position, as it is known, is well-defined, and I have expressed it many times. The greater the share of small-to-medium-sized businesses in our economy is, the more developed and sustainable Kazakhstan will be. Currently we have more than 800,000 small-to-medium-size enterprises employing 2.4 million of our citizens. Production in this sector has increased 1.6 times over the past four years and equals more than 8.3 billion tenge.
根據全球測評，哈薩克斯坦成為了最適合創業的國家之一，我們應當繼續發揚這一趨勢。中小型企業——是我國整個社會牢固的經濟基礎。為了中小企業的發展，需要通過立法加強對私有財產的全面解決方案。應當取消所有影響企業發展的不合理的法律條款。小企業應當成為家族企業，可以世代沿襲下去。
According to the global ranking, Kazakhstan has joined the group of countries with the most favorable conditions for doing business.We have to reinforce this trend.Small and medium-sized business is the economic basis of our Universal Labor Society. For its development we need to comprehensively address private property rights. It is necessary to repeal all the outdated legal norms impeding business development. Small business should become a family tradition, passed down from generation to generation.
採取發展小企業專業化的措施非常重要，未來它可能會過渡為中型企業。應當在這個領域實行明確的破產機制。中小企業應圍繞創新謀求發展。我委託政府，將第二個五年計劃與“企業活動路線圖-2020”結合在一起。政府應當與全國企業家商會一起，共同為“企業新手”創立有效的輔助機制。
It is important to support the specialization of small business as they grow in size. We need clear bankruptcy procedures for such enterprises. Small and medium-sized business should develop around new innovative companies. I charged the Government to combine the next five-year industrialization plan with the “Business road map 2020”. The Government, together with the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan, should establish effective support mechanisms for new entrepreneurs.
第六個方面，我們通向未來的道路，事關開啟哈薩克斯坦人的潛力、創造新的機遇。二十一世紀的發達國家——擁有的是積極、健康、文化水準很高的公民。我們應該為此做些什麼呢？
SIXTH. Our path to the future is related to creating NEW OPPORTUNITIES to UNLEASH THE POTENTIAL of our citizens. A developed country in the 21st century has active, educated, enterprising and healthy citizens. What do we need to achieve this?
首先，所有發達國家都擁有獨一無二的高品質教育體系。我們需要進行大量的工作，以改善國民教育各個環節的品質。至2020年，計畫確保哈薩克斯坦3-6歲的兒童能夠百分之百接受學前教育。因此，為他們提供現代化的教學計畫和方法，以及高水準的教師隊伍，都很重要。在中等教育中，應讓所有中學都達到納紮爾巴耶夫智力中學（Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools）的教學水準。中學畢業生應掌握哈薩克語、俄語和英語。學生學習的收穫，是掌握批判性思維的能力，要能對資訊進行獨立思考和深入分析。
First, all developed countries have a unique high-quality education system. We have a great deal of work to do to improve the quality of all parts of national education. By 2020 we expect all Kazakhstan’s children from three to six years to be in preschool education. Therefore it is important to provide these children with modern education methods and qualified personnel. In the secondary education, it is necessary to improve the standard of teaching in all schools to the level of Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools. High school graduates should speak Kazakh, Russian and English. The result of teaching should be mastery of critical thinking skills, independent research and in-depth analysis of information.
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