一帶一路 | 走進印度之印度FDI政策的放寬

80年代，由於印度政府的務實經濟政策，進入印度的FDI流量逐步增多，並迅速放大。80年代，進入印度的FDI流量總額超過11億美元，是70年代總額的3倍多。

In 1980s, due to the pragmatic economic policy of Indian government, the flow of FDI increased gradually and enlarged rapidly. The total amount of FDI flow in 1980s exceeded 1.1 billion dollars, more than 3 times of that of 1970s.

印度真正進入FDI大發展的時期是在90年代經濟自由化以後。90 年代初，由於進口的急劇放大，印度的外匯迅速流失，印度再次面臨嚴峻的外匯危機，當時印度的國際信用喪失殆盡，國際收支狀況極度惡化。印度向國際貨幣基金組織求援，但國際貨幣基金組織迫其改革。剛剛上臺執政的拉奧政府接受了國際貨幣基金組織的建議，開始了較80年代更為大膽的經濟改革，聲稱其基本方向和目標是實現印度經濟的自由化和全球化，在FDI方面，政策大大放寬，進一步擴大外資在印度的投資領域，放寬了外資在部分行業對股權持有的比例，印度政府還在稅收方面給予外資更大的優惠，並大大簡化外國的投資審批手續，以鼓勵外資大幅投資印度。

The real booming of FDI happened after economic liberation in 1990s. At first, because of the rapid development of import, India’s foreign exchange drained fast, facing another round of foreign exchange crisis. India, at that time, lost its credit and international balance of payment deteriorated extremely. India asked IMF for help, yet it urged India to reform. The Rao government, taking office for such a short time, accepted the advice from IMF, starting economic reform bolder than 1980s’ and claiming its basic goal was to realize liberation and globalization of India’s economy. The policy of FDI received more openness to expand its investment region and loose the limits on foreign exchange in specific industries. Moreover, Indian government, by giving larger benefit to foreign capital on tax and simplifying approval procedures for foreign investment, encouraged more foreign investment into India.